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Polisario Camp Patrol in the
Sahara |
Army of Western Sahara, that was for years fighting the Moroccan
and for 4 years Mauritanian occupation of Western Sahara,
an occupation that started in 1975 (for Mauritania until 1979).
Polisario was formed in 1973, as a reaction towards several
broken promises on Saharan independence from the Spanish colonialist
regime.
The name 'Polisario' was a short form of Frente Popular
para la Liberación de Saguia El-Hamra y Rio de Oro.
Polisario has since 1975 been stationed in Tindouf, the westernmost
town in Algeria.
While the exact numbers of the troops are not known, most
estimates set it at around 10,000, but this number is probably
declining.
Polisario was led by a former member of the Communist Party
in Morocco,
Mustapha Ouali, at the time of the occupation. His fightings
with the Polisario started well into the period of Spanish
colonization.
Polisario had so much success fighting Mauritania, which for
the first years was the main enemy, that the occupation ended
on this side. But despite the peace treaty between the two
parties, signed August 5, 1979, the southern third of Western
Sahara was passed on to the far stronger Morocco.
Morocco
has since then managed to fight off Polisario, apparently
now for good, as a 1,600 km long sand wall has been built
along the border, making it very difficult for Polisario's
army to pass. The result has been the UN peace plan of 1988,
that in reality has given Morocco
a carte blanche in the region, and the proposed referendum
on the future of Western Sahara, has been put off time after
time for the last 12 years.
At the present, Polisario's cause seems to be lost, their
troops are outnumbered by Morocco's,
Libya's
and especially Algeria's
support for Polisario — a precondition for their continued
fighting — has dwindled quicker than international and
African attention to the claim on independence for Western
Sahara has disappeared from the news headlines.
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