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Moktar OULD DADDAH (born in 1924)
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President of Mauritania from 1961 to 1978.
Ould Daddah became the first president of independent
Mauritania.
His politics were authoritarian but allowed some public
participation.
In many cases public participation was however expressed
through strikes and demonstrations, and in the late 1960's
the country was on the verge of civil war.
Ould Daddah's rise to early success came from his abilities
to make different opposition parties work together, for
instance by admitting his earlier opponents into his late
1950's administration.
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He is mainly remembered for his achievements
for working towards more unity between the two racial
groups of the country : Moors and blacks.
The economy of Mauritania saw little progress through
his years in office, he remained most of the time strongly
dependent on French aid.
What brought an end to his regime, was great dissatisfaction
with Mauritania's war in Western Sahara against Polisario,
as many Mauritanians sympathized with their cause. But
also, draught in Sahel, principally in the period 1969
to 1974, and decline in export revenues due to fall in
international prices on iron, had worsened the situation
for all Mauritanians.
1924 : Born in the small town of Boutilimit into an aristocratic
family.
— Returns from Paris as the first Mauritanian with
a University degree.
— Joins the relatively moderate party Progressive
Mauritanian Union.
1958 : Is elected president of the Executive Council.
— Establishes a new party, the Mauritanian Regrouping
Party.
1959 : Is elected prime minister of still colonized Mauritania,
after that his party won every seat in the National Assembly
in popular elections.
1961 August : Ould Daddah is elected president of Mauritania,
the first after the country's independence.
— September : A government is formed with ministers
from the two largest parties of Mauritania.
— December : Ould Daddah has the 4 main political
parties join the Mauritanian People's Party, which becomes
the sole legal party.
1964 : Due to national unrest, Ould Daddah changes Mauritania
into an authoritarian one-party system.
1966 : Is reelected president.
1971 : Is elected president of the Organization of African
Unity (OUA).
— Is reelected president.
1975 August : Ould Daddah presents a charter which calls
for an Islamic, nationalist, centralist and socialist
democracy. This charter proved popular, and resulted in
less tension with the opposition.
1976 : Is reelected president.
1977 July : Nouakchott is attacked by the Polisario, and
Ould Daddah appoints for the first time a military officer
to the position of minister of defence. He had earlier
avoided this, in fright of a military take over.
1978 July 10 : Is ousted from power after a coup led by
Lieutenant Colonel Mustafa Ould Salek. This was a reaction
to the lack of success that Mauritania had when trying
to take over parts of former Spanish Sahara (now Western
Sahara).
— Ould Daddah is imprisoned.
1979 August : After French pressure, Ould Daddah is released
from prison, and moves to France.
1980 : Ould Daddah becomes the actual leader of the opposition
movement Alliance pour une Mauritanie Democratique (AMD). |
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